Evaluation of the genotoxicity of zinc oxide-eugenol cement to Allium cepa L / Avaliação da genotoxicidade do cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol em Allium cepa L

Dental materials can induce local and systemic effects. The Allium cepa assay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity and/or cytotoxicity of zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) at different proportions. The ZOE solution was tested at the concentration of 1 drop of eugenol (in each drop of liquid, the approximate concentration of eugenol is 85%) and 1 portion of zinc oxide cement (treatment I), and twice the concentration of eugenol (treatment II) . Treated roots appeared to be yellowish-brown, fewer in number, thicker and less turgid compared with the control, suggesting a cytotoxic activity of ZOE. A significant difference was found in the root size between the control and treatment II. This treatment reduced by 79% the size of the root compared with the control, and the mitotic index was 66%, indicating a 22.4% reduction relative to the control, which in turn evidenced the cytotoxicity of ZOE. The significant increase in anaphase bridges suggests a genotoxic effect.

Materiais dentários podem induzir diversos efeitos, tanto local quanto sistêmico. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de danos genéticos e de alterações nucleares degenerativas indicativas de genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em células de cebola em mitose, expostas a óxido de zinco e eugenol (ZOE) em diferentes proporções. Os bulbos foram postos a germinar, com a parte inferior mergulhada na solução de ZOE + água destilada. A solução de ZOE foi testada na concentração de uma gota de eugenol (aproximadamente 85%) e 1 porção do cimento de óxido de zinco (tratamento I) e o dobro da concentração do eugenol (tratamento II). As raízes do controle apresentaram coloração esbranquiçada e eram túrgidas, enquanto as raízes dos tratamentos se mostraram de cor amarela ­ amarronzada, em menor quantidade, mais grossas e menos túrgidas, sugerindo ação citotóxica de ZOE. Houve diferença significativa do tamanho das raízes entre o controle e o tratamento II. O tratamento II reduziu 79% do tamanho da raiz e o índice mitótico foi 66%. Isto mostra redução de 22,4% quando comparado com o controle, evidenciando a ação citotóxica de ZOE. O aumento significante de pontes anafásicas sugere efeito genotóxico.

Analysis of flexural strength of a self cured acrylic resin used for fabricating provisional restorations with three different types of reinforcements / Análise da resistência à flexão de uma resina acrílica de ativação química utilizada para confecção de restaurações provisórias utilizando-se de três diferentes tipos de reforços

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de três diferentes tipos de reforços na resistência à flexão de uma resina acrílica quimicamente ativada. Material e Métodos: A máquina de teste universal EMIC 2000 foi utilizada a uma velocidade de 5 mm/min, para avaliar a resistência à flexão de 40 espécimes de ensaio (65 x 10mm x 2,5 mm) fabricados em resina acrílica quimicamente ativada, distribuídos em quatro grupos: (1) controle - sem reforço; (2) reforçado com 0,7 mm de aço inoxidável- fio ortodôntico; (3) reforçado com Fibrex-lab ® fibra de vidro e, (4) Perma-reforçado com fibra de vidro ®. Resultados: Os valores de resistência à flexão obtidos foram: Grupo 1- 80,60 MPa; Grupo 2- 95,96 MPa; Grupo 3- 105,70 MPa e Grupo 4-108,70 MPa. A análise de variância (p < 0,05) mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos, e o teste de Tukey que o grupo de controle apresentou o pior comportamento, seguido do grupo de reforço com fios de metal, que mostrou resultados estatisticamente semelhantes aos do Grupo 3. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de fibras. Conclusão: O reforço com fibras de vidro apresentam uma melhor resistência à flexão, em comparação com os outros métodos.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of three different types of reinforcements on the flexural strength of a chemically activated acrylic resin. Material and Methods: A Universal test machine EMIC 2000 was used at a speed of 5mm/min., to evaluate the flexural strength of 40 test specimens (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) fabricated of self cured activated acrylic resin, distributed into the following 4 groups: (1) control – without reinforcement; (2) reinforced with 0.7 mm stainless steel orthodontic wire; (3) reinforced with Fibrex-lab® glass fiber and; (4) reinforced with Perma-Fiber®glass fiber. Results: The following flexural strength values were obtained: Group 1 – 80.60 MPa; Group 2 – 95.96 MPa; Group 3 – 105.70 MPa; and Group 4 – 108.70 MPa. The analysis of variance (p < 0.05) showed significant difference among the groups and the Tukey test showed that the control group presented the worst behavior, followed by reinforcement with metal wire, which showed statistically similar results to those of Group 3, with no difference shown between the fiber groups. Conclusion: Reinforcement with glass fibers present better flexural strength in comparison with the other methods.

Mechanical properties of cast commercially pure titanium simulating ceramic firing cycles.

AIM: To evaluate the mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness) of the commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) as casting and after ceramic firing cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dumbbell-shaped specimens were prepared for the tensile strength testing. Disk-shaped cast specimens were used for microhardness testing. The ceramic firing cycles were made simulating a low fusion ceramic application. Tensile testing was conducted in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation were recorded. The fracture mode was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Vickers hardness was measured in a hardness tester. The data from the tensile and hardness tests were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The mean values of tensile strength were not changed by the ceramic firing cycles. Lower hardness was observed for cp Ti as casting compared with Ti cast after the firing cycles. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The ceramic firing cycles did not show any considerable prejudicial effects on the mechanical properties of the cp Ti.

Nuclear anomalies in the buccal cells of children under dental treatment

INTRODUCTION: Since some dental materials may be aggressive to a person's body, studies involving such materials seem to be necessary. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of dental materials through micronucleus (MN) test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exfoliated buccal cells of 4-to-12 year-old children, who were on some type of dental treatment, were collected either before or after the treatment ending. Each sample was composed of 1,000 cells per patient. Student's t test was used for comparison. RESULTS: The dental materials were divided into 3 groups, as follows: cement, monomers, and their combination. Treatments using monomer + cement-based materials were found to increase significantly the number of binucleated (BN) cells, (p < 0.05) which indicate several degenerative nuclear changes. CONCLUSION: The combination of cement-based dental material with monomers increases the cytotoxic action of dental materials.

Influência de substâncias irrigadoras na resistência à compressão e morfologia de superfície do MTA cinza Angelus®

Objetivo: o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar,usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a influência de soluções irrigadoras na resistência à compressão e características da morfologia de superfície do MTA cinza Angelus®. Métodos: o MTA foi manipulado de acordo comas instruções do fabricante e inserido em incrementos comum molde de silicone com medidas internas de 2mm de diâmetro e 4mm de altura. Após a presa inicial, 30 corpos de prova foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos(n=10). No Grupo C (Controle), os corpos de prova foram mergulhados em soro fisiológico; no Grupo MC, mergulhados em solução de clorexidina 2%; e no Grupo MH, mergulhados em solução de hipoclorito de sódio 2,5%, todos permanecendo por 1 hora. Após enxágue, a resistência à compressão foi avaliada em máquina de ensaios Instron 4410 com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. As características morfológicas da superfície foram determinadas mediante microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os valores originais foram submetidos à análise de variância simples(α=0,05). Resultados: foram obtidos valores médios (em MPa) de 69,24±7,32 (Grupo C), 64,74±9,21 (Grupo MC)e 71,15±11,54 (Grupo MH), não ocorrendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Os resultados obtidos com MEV demonstraram que a microestrutura dos Grupos C e MH era cristalina, compostas por cristais cúbicos. Uma estrutura granular foi observada no Grupo MC. Conclusão: a imersão em soluções irrigadoras não influenciou de modo significativo na resistência à compressão do MTA, com alterações somente nas características de superfície. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinara relevância clínica dessa estrutura cristalina

Stress-relieving and porcelain firing cycle influence on marginal fit of commercially pure titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium copings.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated: (1) the marginal fit of copings fabricated from commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) after each firing cycle for a recommended porcelain; and (2) the effectiveness of a stress-relieving treatment on the fit. The results were compared with copings made with Pd-Ag alloy submitted to the recommended porcelain firing protocol. METHODS: Bovine teeth were machined for metal-ceramic crowns and die casts were obtained for waxing patterns. The firing cycle of titanium porcelain was performed on cp Ti and Ti-6Al-4V copings obtained using the Rematitan System. A stress-relieving treatment (cp Ti treated and Ti-6Al-4V treated groups) was performed on original invested castings at the first porcelain firing temperature (800 degrees C). Fit (microm) was measured in the 'as cast' condition and after each porcelain firing cycle with a traveling microscope. The values were compared using the analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P<0.05), the Pd-Ag group was compared to titanium groups using Dunnett's test (P<0.05). RESULTS: The marginal fit values in the as-cast condition (initial) were 84.43 microm for Ti-6Al-4V not treated, 76.35 microm for Ti-6Al-4V treated, 86.09 microm for cp Ti not treated, 97.66 microm for cp Ti treated and 58.11 microm for Pd-Ag group. The Ti-6Al-4V, cp Ti, and Pd-Ag groups exhibit significant differences in marginal fit values when the as-cast condition (initial) was compared with those after the recommended porcelain firing protocol (by Tukey's test at 5% probability level). No significant differences were observed between stress-relieving treated and not treated groups.Significance. The firing cycles used for porcelain build-up may worsen the fit of titanium copings to values that suggest no inferences to the detriment of clinical applications.